MRI Manifestations After the Death of SD Rat Model Due to Cerebral Infarction / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose To perform MRI examination after the death of SD rat model due to cerebral infarction and to investigate the changing characteristics of cerebral infarction during postmortem examination. Materials and Methods Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established on 21 SD rats by applying modified suture method. 13 to 56 h after modeling, 12 dead SD rats were collected for the experiment. The bodies were stored at an environment with a temperature of 10-15°C and relative humidity of 45%-55%. Head MRI was performed 12 h after modeling and at 8, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after death respectively, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of infarction and contralateral brain tissue were calculated. At each post-mortem time point, ADC values of bilateral cerebral hemispheres, ADC values of infarction and living infarction, and ADC values of non-infarcted brain and living non-infarcted zone were compared. Brain tissue was taken after scan for pathological diagnosis and compared with diagnostic results of postmortem MRI (pmMRI). Results The right cerebral signal of rats was abnormal 12 h after cerebral infarction and after death. Eight rats were found to have shifted cerebral middle-line structure to the left. ADC values of infarction at each time point after death were lower than that of non-infarction, the difference of which was statistically significant (P<0.05); ADC values of infarction were lower than that of living infarction, the difference of which was statistically significant (P<0.05); ADC value of non-infarcted area at each time point was lower than that of living non-infarcted area, the difference of which was statistically significant (P<0.05). Necrosis and disintegration of neurons, disintegration and liquefaction of glial fibers, infiltration of inflammatory cells and leakage of red blood cells were spotted in necrotic areas after receiving cerebral HE staining in rat. HE staining was consistent with the infarction zone indicated by pmMRI. Conclusion pmMRI can be used for the diagnosis of cerebral infarction via virtual necropsy.

To evaluate early dynamic contrast enhancement CT on multiple organ failure in acute pancreatitis / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate early dynamic contrast enhancement CT on multiple organ failure in acute pancreatitis.Methods 333 cases of acute pancreatitis identified by clinical and early dynamic contrast enhancement CT were collected.Patients were divided into organ failure group(OF group,124 cases) and non-organ failure group (notn-OF group,209 cases).All variables including duration of hospitalization,need for intensive care unit,infection,need for operation,mortality and MCTSI,EPIC score were analyzed by U test and x2 test firstly.The variables with significance (P＜0.05) were analyzed by Stepwise Logistic regression further.Results On U test and x2 test,there were significant differences(P＜0.001) between two groups in duration of hospitalization,need for intensive care unit,infection,need for operation,mortality,MCTSI score and EPIC score and APFC + ANC＞ 100 mL,and bilateral pleural effusion/ pulmonary atelectasis.The Stepwise Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that increased MCTSI and EPIC score,APFC+ANC＞ 100 mL and bilateral pleural effusion/pulmonary atelectasis were 4 independent risk factors of multiple organ failure in acute pancreatitis.Conclusion Multiple organ failure in acute pancreatitis can be judged with early dynamic contrast enhancement CT for improved treatment.

Evaluating Hepatic Fibrosis in Rat Models by Magnetic Resonance T2 Relaxation / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of magnetic resonance T2 values in diagnosing hepatic fibrosis (HF).Materials and M1etdheds The models of HF were induced in rats by repetitive dosing of carbon tetrachloride.The stage of hepatic fibrosis (S),grade of inflammation (G) and degree of fatty liver (F) for the HF model animals and their normal controls were evaluated by pathology.The relationship between T2 values and liver fibrosis was analyzed by using multiple echo gradient spin echo sequences.Results According to the stage of hepatic fibrosis,the HF model rats were staged into S1-S4.The grade of inflammation of the HF model rats was G0 or G1,and the degree of fatty liver was F3 or F4,both of which had no statistical differences among the HF model rats at different fibrosis stages (P＞0.05).The T2 values for all rats including normal control rats in the stage of liver fibrosis from S0 to S4 were (38.27±1.45) ms,(42.08±2.63) ms,(45.93±3.61) ms,(50.23 ± 2.23) ms and (57.79± 5.40) ms,respectively,with a significant difference (F=31.903,P＜0.01).Except the T2 values had no significant difference between the S0 and S 1 stages (P＞0.05),the pairwise comparisons of the T2 values between the rest stages were statistically significant (P＜0.01).The T2 values were positively correlated with the stages of hepatic fibrosis (rs=0.921,P＜0.01).Conclusion The T2 value can quantitatively reflect the degree of hepatic fibrosis.

Features of 64-slice Spiral CT on Collateral Circulation of Pancreatic Portal Hypertension / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose To investigate the features of 64-slice spiral computerized tomography (CT) on collateral circulation of pancreatic portal hypertension (PPH).Material and Methods the abdominal CT images of 52 patients with PPH confirmed by pathology the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from August 2013 to May 2015 were analyzed retrospectively.The collateral circulations of portal vein were recorded.Results There were 21 (40.4％) patients with isolated splenic vein occlusion (ISVO),and 32 (59.6％) patients with non isolated splenic vein occlusion (NISVO) in the total 52 patients.There was no significant difference in the occurrence rate between ISVO and NISVO (x2=1.92,P＞0.05).The main collateral pathways of PPH were pathway Type Ⅰ (28 patients)and pathway Type Ⅲ (22 patients),and 2 patients belonged to pathway Type Ⅱ.The patients in pathway Type Ⅰ or Ⅲ were significantly more than patients in pathway Type Ⅱ(P＜0.01).There were 92.3％ (48/52) of patients with gastroepiploic varicosity,which is significantly higher than other varicose veins (P＜0.001).The significant difference was found between the patients (21.2％) with gastric fundus varicosity and the patients (1.9％)with inferior segment esophageal varices (x2=9.42,P＜0.01).The patients with gastric fundus varicosity and right superior colic varicosity in NISVO were more than those in ISVO (x2=4.15,7.44,P＜0.05).Conclusion For PPH patients,the valuable features of collateral circulation can be revealed by multi-slices CT.

Chest CT Features of Oral Paraquat-induced Lung Injury / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose To investigate the chest CT features of lung injury caused by oral paraquat,and deepen the understanding of paraquat poisoning.Materials and Methods The chest CT features of 74 patients with lung injury caused by oral paraquat were analyzed retrospectively and comparatively.74 patients were divided into 3 groups according to toxic dose:28 cases in the low dose group (paraquat dose less than 10 ml),34 cases in the medium dose group (paraquat dose among 11 to 50 ml),and 12 cases in the large dose group (paraquat dose more than 50 ml).74 patients were also divided into 3 groups according to course of disease:The course of disease among 1 to 7 days were in the early period,8 to 14 days in the medium period,and 14 days later in the later period.The image features were summarized by comparing the chest CT features,with toxic dose,course of disease,and the scope of lung injury.Results Poisoned patient's chest CT features,related with toxic dose (P＜0.05),appeared from increased bronchovascular shadows,ground glass opacity,to effusion and consolidation,and to pulmonary fibrosis along with time.The effusion and consolidation majorly located in the lateral lungs,which showed a characteristic disease extent.Conclusion The chest CT features of lung injury,caused by oral paraquat,have a certain characteristic.It relates to toxic dose and course of disease,which has a certain guiding significance to clinical diagnosis and treatment.

The ECG tube current modulation technique of dual source CT in clinical application of coronary angiography / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To explore the application value of ECG tube current modulation technology of dual source CT in coronary angiography,compared with retrospectively ECG-gated technique.Methods 200 patients were randomly divided into ECG tube current modulation group (Group A)and retrospectively ECG-gated group(Group B).In Group A,the main parameters were the exposure time windows of full dose,which were set according to different heart rates.χ2 test was adopted in the subjective score,and t test was used in the objective score and radiation dose.Results There was no statistical significance in image quality between the two groups(χ2 =2.125,tnoise =-0.557,P >0.05 );The effective dose (ED)of Group A and Group B were (3.30±0.40)mSv and(6.90±1.76)mSv,respectively.The difference was statistically significant (t ED =-1 9.954,P <0.05).The radiation dosage of Group A was 52% lower than that of Group B.Conclu-sion Compared with retrospectively ECG-gated technique,the ECG tube current modulation technique ensures the image quality, and at the same time it can significantly reduce the radiation dose,therefore,it can be used as a routine examination technique of cor-onary angiography.

Diagnostic value of 18 F-NaF PET/CT and MRI in detecting skull-base bone invasion of nasopharyn-geal carcinoma / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective To evaluate the value of 18 F?NaF PET/CT and MRI in the diagnosis of skull?base bone invasion ( SBBI) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma( NPC) . Methods Sixty?three NPC patients (45 males, 18 females;age range 23-72 years) were enrolled in this prospective study. Pa?tients underwent 18 F?NaF PET/CT and MRI to confirm whether the skull base was invaded. The reference standard was based on the follow?up imaging in 6 months. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of the two imaging modalities were calculated. χ2 test was used to analyze their difference. The SBBI foci and their distribution detected by the two imaging modalities were compared. Results Thirty?four NPC patients demonstrated SBBI in follow?up imaging. The diagnostic sen?sitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of 18 F?NaF PET/CT were 97.1%(33/34), 89.7%(26/29), 91.7%(33/36), 96.3%(26/27) and 93.7%(59/63), respective?ly. For MRI, the parameters were 91.2%(31/34), 86.2%(25/29), 88.6%(31/35), 89.3%(25/28) and 88.9%(56/63), respectively. The diagnostic efficiency of the two imaging modalities had no significant difference (χ2=0.162-1.062, all P>0.05) . 18 F?NaF PET/CT detected 133 lesions and MRI detected 97 le? sions, and the clivus was the most common site of SBBI. Conclusions 18 F?NaF PET/CT and MRI have similar diagnostic efficiency in detecting SBBI. 18 F?NaF PET/CT can detect more lesions than MRI do, and has potential advantage for detecting tiny bone lesions in skull base.

To evaluate hepatic functional reserve and operational risks of primary hepatic carcinoma in Child A using functional CT / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate hepatic functional reserve and operational risks of primary hepatic carcinoma in Child A using functional CT.Methods In 128 cases of primary hepatic carcinoma of Child A undergoing hepatoectomy and identified by pathology, CT perfusion scanning and measurement of remannent hepatic volume were done before operation and whole patients were divided in-to acute hepatic failure group(AHF group,33 cases)and non-acute hepatic failure(non-AHF group,95 cases).All variables were ana-lyzed by one way analysis of variance(one-way ANOVA)firstly.The variables with significance (P<0.05)were analyzed with Step-wise Logistic regression further.Results One-way ANOVA result:There were significant difference between two groups in RHVS measured by CT,PVP,HBF,HBV,serum creatinine,thrombinogen activity,total bilirubin and intraoperative blood loss (P<0.05).The StepwiseLogistic regression analysis demonstrated that decreased RHVS and the lowed PVP were the independent risk factors of AHF complicated to hepatoectomy of primary hepatic carcinoma(P<0.01).Conclusion Hepatic functional reserve and operational risks of primary hepatic carcinoma could be j udged with functional CT before operation .

Change of the hilar periportal space in the patients with chronic hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis after hepatitis B / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate thickness of the hilar periportal space and caudate-right lobe ratio in the patients with chro-nic hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis after hepatitis B .Methods Eighty-four patients who were clinically and histologically diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B or cirrhosis and 18 healthy subjects without history of liver disease underwent abdominal MRI .The rela-tionship among liver fibrosis degree ,hilar periportal space and caudate-right lobe ratio were observed .Results There was signifi-cant correlation between the hilar periportal space and hepatic fibrosis for chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis (rs = 0 .546 ,P< 0 .01) . There was significant difference between S2 and S3 for thicknesses of the hilar periportal space(P<0 .01) ,and no significant differ-ence among S3 ,S4 and cirrhosis(P=0 .188) .A cutoff value of 9 mm for the hilar periportal space had a sensitivity of 85 .37% and a specificity of 76 .79% for a diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis with S3 or higher .There was no significant correlation between the caudate-right lobe ratio and hepatic fibrosis(rs = -0 .155 ,P=0 .119) .Conclusion Thicknesses of the hilar periportal space increase gradu-ally with hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B and cirrhosis ,with a high sensitivity and specificity for a diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis with S3 or higher .

Diagnostic Value of 64-slice Spiral CT Angiography in Aortic Diseases / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To explore the value of the 64-slice spiral CT angiography(SCTA)in diagnosis of aortic disease.Methods 32 cases with aortic diseases confirmed by operation underwent 64-slice spiral CT enhanced scan,raw data were dealed with multiplanar reformation(MPR),curved plannar reformation(CPR),maximum intensity projection(MIP),volume rendering(VR)and advantage vessel analysis(AVA).Results The aortic disease in 32 cases included aortic dissection in 16 cases,pseudoaneurysm in 7 cases,true aneurysm in 4 cases,narrowing of the aortic arch in 3 cases and amputation of aortic arch in 2 cases.The endometrial break and mural thrombus better showed with MPR and the detecting rat of intimal flake and the initial break was 81%(13/16),while for the periphery thrombosis in 7 cases with pseudoaneurysm,the detecting rate was 100%(7/7).The showing rate for displaying the whole with CR was 100%(32/32).In showing calcification and accurate of vessels with MIP,the detecting rate was 84%(27/32).The showing rate of the extent of the disease and the relationship between peripheral vascular was 100%(32/32).AVA was of significance in the measurement of vascular diameter and vascular cross-sectional area,the showing rate was 44%(14/32).Conclusion 64-slice spiral CT angiography is of significance in diagnosing aortic diseases.

The Value of 64-slice spiral CT Subtraction Angiography in the Diagnosis of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose To explore the value of 64-slice spiral CT digital subtraction angiography in diagnosis of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM).Materials and Methods 26 patients with AVM were performed with plain CT scan, enhanced arterial phase and venous phase CT scan on a 64-slice spiral CT scanner. The subtracted arterial phase data was obtained through subtracting the plain CT images from arterial phase images, then the subtracted venous phase data was obtained through subtracting arterial phase images from venous phase images, and subtracted mixed arterial-venous phase data through subtracting plain CT images from venous phase images. Then volume rendering (VR) and maximum intensity projection (MIP) were used to reconstruct the cerebral vessel images. Results The inference of cranial bones was completely removed in all subtracted cerebral vessel images, thus clearly demonstrating malformed vascular nest, feeding arteries and draining veins. And 7 malformed temporal vascular nests, 5 parietal vascular nests, 5 frontal vascular nests, 6 occipital vascular nests and 3 cerebellar vascular nests were revealed;39 feeding arteries were detected altogether. Single feeding artery was found in 15 cases, and multiple feeding arteries in 9 cases. Meanwhile 33 draining veins were observed, and single draining vein was found in 10 cases, multiple veins in 16 cases.Conclusion 64-slice subtraction angiography can remove the inference of cranial bones and clearly demonstrate the feeding arteries, malformed vascular nests, draining veins, potentially providing a reliable evidence for therapeutic planning and postoperative follow-up.

Imaging and clinical study of the location relation between vertical facial nerve canal and external acoustic meatus in normal people / 解剖学报

Objective To observe and measure the anatomical structure of approach of vertical facial nerve canal and put forward the normal measurement range and the location relationship among the vertical segment of facial nerve canal, the posterior wall of external acoustic meatus and the rear edge of external ear,and discuss the relationship and clinical significance between the mastoid gasification and the vertical segment of facial nerve canal. Methods 1. Evaluate the accuracy of CT image of related structure, using spiral CT in scanning four skull specimens, get the horizontal distances of the vertical segment of facial nerve canal to the posterior wall of external acoustic meatus and the rear edge of external in the axial position, and get the sagittal diameter of mastoid (the horizontal distance from the lowest point of external auditory inferior canal to the rear edge of mastoid) and the height (the vertical distance between the lowest points of the external auditory canal wall to the mastoid tip) in the sagittal position. And then saw the skull specimens to measure the distance in the same lay with CT image, and discuss the statistics difference of the distance between the values of CT imaging measurements and the dry entities cranial measurements on hand. 2. Study on people: 118 patients (236 sides) with non-ear disorders were randomly selected, among which there were 63 females (126 sides) and 55 males (110 sides). They were subjected to maxillofacial CT scan in the same layer that used above, and the horizontal distances of the facial nerve canal to the posterior wall of external acoustic meatus and the rear edge of external ear were measured. In addition, half of the product of diameter and height of the mastoid was defined as mastoid area, which was used to define the extension of mastoid gasification. Then related analysis and regression analysis were done between the vertical segment of facial nerve canal and the posterior wall of external acoustic meatus, as well as the rear edge of external ear. Results 1.Part of the experiment: There was no significantly different on the indicator values between CT image the entity measurements among the four skull specimens (P>0.05). 2. Study on people: There was no significantly different between left side and right side(P>0.05), but significantly different between genders(P<0.05). Between mastoid area and the distance from the vertical segment of facial nerve canal to the posterior wall of external acoustic meatus there is inverse correlation, and the relevance has the remarkable significance. However, there was no correlation between mastoid area and the vertical segment of facial nerve canal to the rear edge of external ear. Conclusion There was some relationship between the location of the vertical segment of facial nerve canal and external acoustic meatus. Anatomic position of vertical facial nerve cancal and the posterior wall of external acoustic meatus can be showed clearly. CT and in combination with primitive axial images may provide reliable evidence for the diagnosis facial nerve dieases and the choice of ear surgery route.

Study on computed tomography features of nasal septum cellule and its clinical significance / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the features of nasal septum cellule in computed tomographic (CT) images and its clinical significance.@*METHOD@#CT scans data of nasal septum in 173 patients were randomly obtained from January 2001 to June 2005. Prevalence and clinical features were summarized in the data of 19 patients with nasal septum cellule retrospectively.@*RESULT@#(1) Nineteen cases with nasal septum cellule were found in 173 patients. (2) All nasal septum cellule of 19 cases located in perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, in which 8 cases located in upper part of nasal septum and 11 located in middle. (3) There were totally seven patients with nasal diseases related to nasal septum cellule, in which 3 cases with inflammation, 2 cases with bone fracture, 1 case with cholesterol granuloma, 1 case with mucocele.@*CONCLUSION@#Nasal septum cellule is an anatomic variation of nasal septum bone, and its features can provide further understanding of some diseases related to nasal septum cellule.

Normal Vivo Renal Imaging: Study with Multi-slice Spiral CT / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To observe and analyze the standards of the normal vivo renal multi-slice spiral CT(MSCT) imaging to provide relevant normal range for clinic and teaching.Methods 123 cases with normal kidneys were undergone abdominal MSCT,then 3D imaging was performed,the position of kidney distance between two poles of kidney and the central line of the spine,renal length and short axis,the angels between the renal length axis and sagittal segment(LS) and the coronal segment(LC),the angel between coronal segment and the longest distance line from the midpoint of the renal gate to the same kidney's out edge(CL) were observed and measured with statistics analysis.Results Mostly the position of left kidney was higher than that of the right.Almost kidney's upper poles located at the T12 level.The number of left kidney was more than the right kidney in the renal upper pole located higher than T11.Almost kidney's inferior poles located at from the L2 inferior edge level to the L3 inferior edge level.In the statistic results,the values measured on CT of left kidney were large or equal to the right except for CL and LC in men,LC in women,total LC and LS.The width in men,total length and width and total upper distance were of significant statistics meaning(P

CT Diagnosis of Ependymoma / 中国医学影像技术

Objective　To analyse the CT appearance of ependymomas and to improve the accuracy of diagnosis. Methods　To review the CT appearance of 15 cases of ependymoma that confirmed by surgery and pathology. Results　12 cases were superior, 8 cases were brain parenchyma among of them; 3 cases were subtentorial, among them the fourth ventricle 2 cases. The age of 6 cases vary from 20 to 35 years. Ependymomas superior to the tentorium in the brain parenchyma were the most common, and in malignant parts there were cystoid changes and edema around the tumor. In the other parts were largely solid neoplasm. On unenhanced CT, the solid parts were indense and caicificable and were easy to dicern on enhanced CT . Conclusion　The CT appearances of ependymoma were specific, we can dram an accurate conclusion according where the tumor taking place, the age etc.

Factors Effect on the Measurement of CT Value and Its Countermove / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To study the factors effect on the measurement of CT value.Methods CT water phantom was scanned using the regular condition of scaning first,then changed one of scaning conditions (thick slice, exposure capacity, reconstruction of function, kV, FOV and CT-scanner) to scan the water phantom again. The CT value (mean?SD) of image region of interest (ROI) was compared in two conditions. Results The mean CT value in the opposite ROI in thick slice 5mm and exposure capacity 150 mAs was similar to that in thick slice 10mm and exposure capacity 300mAs, the reconstruction of function Fc80 was lower Fc10 , the 130kV was distinct higher 120Kv in mean of CT value respectively.The SD(noise) in thick slice 5mm was near to the exposure capacity 150mAs, while in contrast to the thick slice 10mm and the exposure capacity 300mAs was obvious increased , but the reconstruction of function Fc80 was distinct higher Fc10, the 130kV was slightly lower 120Kv in SD(noise) respectively . All of mean CT value and the noise in the small field were higher in the middle field ,when CT imaging in the water phantom of the single small field .This result was also received when the old Toshiba CT-scanner was compared with the new GE CT-scanner in the differ water plantom.Conclusion The CT value is not constant and can’t act as a diagnostic standred.